A surge, defined as an instantaneous and significant voltage fluctuation, plays a crucial role in photovoltaic (PV) systems. Since most PV systems are installed outdoors and exposed to the natural environment for long periods, they are highly susceptible to surges caused by factors such as lightning strikes, grid voltage fluctuations, and internal system faults. The primary function of a Surge Protective Device (SPD) is to withstand these surge voltages and ensure the safe and stable operation of the PV system.